My Presentation sem-4

Things fall apart as a historical fiction 
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priyanka and Esha as a modern girls 
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Influence of cinema 
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Types of Advertising

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Name: Dhruvi Chavda

Topic: Types of Advertising

Paper No: 15

Roll No: 06

Semester: 4

Submitted to: S.B.Gardi, Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Types of advertising

     

What is advertising?

According to Angela Goddard the term advertisement and advertising have, at their root, a Latin word, “advertere”, meaning turn towards ‘. She goes on and defines the word advertising by stating that it is a discourse which contributes to the construction of our identities; it is also an act of communication.

Advertising is often an index of attitudes because, in order for an advert to work, it must tap into some thinking “out there” in the marketplace, but it would be a mistake to think that adverts are a simple reflection of who we all are, in some natural way. Advertising, as a very public form of discourse, is also part of the way we construct our ideas about the world around us: what people are like, who does what, who is important and why, what we should be worried about, and so on.

The first advertising agency, which was set up by Volney Palmer in Boston in 1841, introduced system to the business by offering a discount of 25% on ad space in newspapers. This move marked the formal beginning of space selling. Initially, most ad agencies were nothing more than brokers for ad space in newspapers. Advertisers created their own ads. N.M. Ayer and Son became the first full-service agency in 1869. One of the earliest highly successful advertising campaigns was launched by Pears Soap. In late 19^th century, Thomas Barratt, whom many consider the father of modern advertising, launched a series of ads featuring children, animals, flowers, and beautiful woman to promote the company’s products.     

Types of Advertising:-

Press:-

It is a kind of printed advertising such as a newspaper, magazine etc.

Television:-

This is very effective medium for advertising & marketing format. This is reflected by the high prices television networks charges for commercial airtime during popular events. It is related with many regular programs related with audience.

Pamphlets:-

This is also type of advertising. These types of pamphlets are very handy for advertising different products. We can see these pamphlets with newspaper.

Online:-

It is connected with internet. Its purpose is to deliver marketing message to attract customers. We can see many this kind of advertisements while doing online activities.

Billboard advertisement:-

It has very large structured medium of advertisements. These types of advertisements we can see on the roads or public places.

Street advertisements:-

This is first come for street service. First in UK it took place. This types of advertisements is placed outsides of malls of near the bus stops.

Mobile Billboard:-

It is generally vehicle mounted bill board or digital screens. In this system this can be button a vehicle so that vehicle can carry it where ever it goes.

Aerial advertisements:-

This type of advertising is using aircraft, balloons or airships. It is also called sky writing.

Conclusion:-

These way different types of advertising are very useful for selling products with different ideas in society. Through this they can attracts costumers and increase their sellings.

Okonkwo as a tragic hero in things fall apart

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About Chinua Achebe:

Born: 16 November 1930, Ogidi. Nigerian Protector. Full Name: Albert Chinualumongu Achebe. Died: 21 March 2013 (Age 82) Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Occupation: David and Marianna Fisher University Professor and Professor of African Studies Broun  University  Nationality : Nigerian  Ethnicity : Igbo  Period : 1958 – 2013

 

“Okonkwo as a Tragic Hero” in Things Fall Apart :

His famous works:

1. The African Trilogy 
2. Things Fall Apart 
3. No Longer of Ease

4. Arrows of God 
5. A Man of the people and 
6. Anthills of the savamoh 

About things fall apart:

 

“Things Fall Apart” is Chinua Achebe’s first novel and was published in 1958 a time often called the Nigerian Renaissance in that period a large number began to create a powerful new literature that drew on the traditional oral literature European literature, and the changing time in Nigeria. Things Fall Apart is a story about Okonkwo and how life falls apart. Okonkwo than hangs himself for unknown reason. Achebe we can compare and contrast two main characters that are actually very different, even though related.
Okonkwo, the main character in Chinua Achebe novel Things Fall Apart, was a tragic figure. Okonkwo was not cruel man. Achebe expresses his views about misrepresentation of African by condor and Joyce carry.

This map shows the character of things fall apart:-

Okonkwo as a tragic hero in things fall apart:-

In Chinua Achebe’s novel “Things Fall Apart” Okonkwo is a tragic Hero. Okonkwo Aristotle‘s poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who can display a tragic flow ‘Hamartia’ and experience a dramatic reversal ‘ Peripatetia ’as well as an intense moment of recognition ‘One agonizes’.

               Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo community of Umuofia whose tragic flow is his great fear of weakness and failure .Okonkwo fall from grace kin the Igbo community and eventual suicide makes Okonkwo a tragic hero by Aristotle definition.

                Okonkwo is a man of action, a man of war and a member of high status in the Igbo Village .Okonkwo’s hard work had made him a wealthy farmer and a recognized individual wars amongst them nine village of Umuofia and beyond.

              Okonkwo’s tragic flow is not that he was afraid of work. But rather his fear of weakness and failure that stems from his Father’s Unoka unproductive life and disgraceful death.

                “Okonkwo whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness it was not external but lay deep within him. It was the fear of himself .lest he should be found to resemble his Father”.

                  Okonkwo’s Father is a lazy, carefree man whom has a reputation of being poor and his wife and children have just barely enough to eat they money because he never paid back. Okonkwo’s father has never thought Okonkwo’s what is right and what is wrong, and as a result Okonkwo has to interpret how to be a good man.


                   Okonkwo’s self – interpretation leads to him to conclude that a good man is someone who is the exact opposite of his father .Okonkwo’s things that,

“No matter how prosperous a man was if he was unable to tulles his woman and his children he was not really a man”

               Okonkwo’s wrestles with his fear that any sign of weakness will cause him to lose control of his family , position in the village , and even himself , like money heroes of classical tragedy , Okonkwo’s tragic flow , fear , also makes him excessively proud. Okonkwo downfall is a result of the changes created by the British colonizers to Igbo.

               The introduction of the colonizers into the novel cuisses Okonkwo’s tragic flow to be exacerbated .Okonkwo construes change as weakness, and , as a result of his interpretation, Okonkwo only knows how to react to change through anger and strength .

               Following Okonkwo’s seven year exile , the village Okonkwo one knew has changed due to the influence of Christianity and the influence of the British missionaries and officers . Okonkwo’s initial reaction is to arrant the clan against the colonizers and drive the British people out of Igbo.

“He had put a knife on the things that had us together and we have fallen Apart”

                  Okonkwo’s has always used his strength and courage to protect the communality from destabilizing forces , and as Okonkwo is a traditional man , the introduction of Christianity poses a threat to all the values , morals and beliefs he sought to protect.

                 The Igbo culture had made Okonkwo a hero, but the Igbo culture changed with the coming of the British colonizers. Okonkwo, a hero would rather die than be humiliated by hi s enemies and by committing suicide Okonkwo prevented the European colonizers getting revenge.

“Everyone has a flow , nobody is perfect”. Okonkwo had many flows which qualifies him as a tragic hero.”

“ A Tragic hero by definition is” , 

“A literary character who makes an error in judgment or has a fatal flow that , combined with fate and external forces , bring on tragedy”

                     Every tragic hero begins his or her journey with a rise to for me .this aspect is very evident in Things Fall Apart ; Okonkwo had quite the celebrity lifestyle , from being able to win a competitive wrestling match against another legendary wrestler.

                     Okonkwo is a tragic hero in the classical; although he is a superior character, his tragic flow the equation of manliness with rashness anger, and violence being about his own destruction. In this novel Okonkwo as tragic hero vital roll.

                   

                          That was not the first encounter with Okonkwo’s tragic flow , his emotionally challenged mind state , nor would it be the last .in today’s society woman are known for being physically respected .especially by man 

                 There are two types of people in this world, those who solve their problems in a calm matter and those who use force to solve their problems. Okonkwo is obviously one of those people who solve their problems with force.

                Okonkwo, the last characteristic of a tragic hero is that their tragic flow must lead them to their downfall. Okonkwo is a tragic hero because he exhibits all the qualities that a tragic hero should have, a rise to fame and tragic flow in the character that leads to their demise.

                 Let us remember that in Aristotle creation of the term a tragic hero, he said that a tragic hero was a character who was basically a good person, that undermined their goodness and lead them the path to tragedy. The character of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall A part” is a literary example of a tragic hero, a hero who has many admirable qualities, but also a flow that leads to his demise.

                Okonkwo is a tragic hero in the typical sense : although he is a superior character , his tragic flow , the equation of manliness with rashness , anger , violence , and arrogance beings about his own destruction. Okonkwo, the main protagonist of the novel, expresses many stereotypical personality traits of a hero.

                Achebe also found it distressing that many African began to believe the western stereotypes of African culture were true and, as a result, were turning away from their culture to become more western.

                 Thing Fall Apart takes place in the mid –to –late 1800s and essentially tells two stories. The first is the story of Okonkwo - a successful 160 former and respected leaders in his village despite his violent temper and unforgiving mindset.

                  Achebe’s ability to communicate the tragedy of Okonkwo’s experience to western readers, in spite of Okonkwo’s decidedly unsympathetic character, works one of the novel’s greatest achievements. Okonkwo’s character is shaped in reaction to his father in a sense, Okonkwo represents a native culture threatened by the coming of Christianity and European ways. Okonkwo is a n exceptional individual who is destroyed by enormous cultural farces, but the potential heroism of his final act of defiance is ironically undercut by his alienation from his clan. 

                In a final ironic commentary on Okonkwo’s misguided heroism, Achebe tells his reader that the district commissioner plans to include a paragraph on Okonkwo’s unusual behavior in his projected book the pacification of the primitive tribes of the lower Niger, a reminder that Okonkwo’s inability to understand cultural change is a small reflection of a more blindness.

Conclusion:-

                  At the end of the novel, Okonkwo stands alone, a self proclaimed defender of an inflexible traditionalism that contradicts the true flexibility of his culture.

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Name: Dhruvi Chavda

Topic: Themes of ON@TCC

Paper No: 13

Roll No: 06

Semester: 4

Submitted to: S.B.Gardi, Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.     

Themes of "One night @ the call center"

About Chetan Bhagat:-

Chetan Bhagat (born 22 April 1974) is an Indian author, columnist, television personality and motivational speaker, known for his English-language dramedy novels about young urban middle-class Indians. Bhagat is the author of bestselling novels. He writes columns for popular English and Hindi newspapers including The Times of India and Dainik Bhaskar focusing on youth, career and issues based on national development.
He was born in Delhi to a Punjabi family. His father was an officer and mother was a government employee. He married with Anusha, Tamil Brahmin girl.

One Night @ The Call Center:-

One Night @ the Call Center is a novel written by Chetan Bhagat and first published in 2005. The novel revolves around a group of six call center employees working at the Connections call center in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It takes place during one night, during which all of the leading characters confront some aspect of themselves or their lives they would like to change. The story uses a literal deus ex machina, when the characters receive a phone call from God. Bollywood movie “HELLO” is the story of one night at the call center.

Themes

Love:-

Love is a major theme in this novel. 

1. Priyanka and Shayam: Earlier Priyanka and Shayam were in relationship but now Priyanka engaged with NRI boy named Ganesh, living in united state.


2. Esha and Vroom: Here Esha wants to become a model, and on the base of it she slept with a designer of modeling contract. Another side Vroom loves her a lot but can't describe only because of her dream of modeling and other desires.

3. Radhika: Radhika is a married girl, living with her mother-in-law. She also loves her husband very much but her husband also cheated her. He had one girlfriend named Payal.

4. Military Uncle: Theme of love also shown in this character. Military uncle loves his grandson very much who is living in abroad with his son. But His son ignored him a lot.

Marriage:-

Another important theme is marriage. First theme of marriage is shows in Priyanka’s character. She is living with her mother and her mother is very eager for her marriage with Ganesh. Mother decided her marriage very earlier so that Priyanka doesn't like that. Radhika is married and also working woman. But her mother-in-law doesn't like this and her husband also has another girl friend named Payal.

Nationality:-

Theme of nationality is a major part of this novel. In ‘One night at the call center’ the idea of nationality is here from the conversation between Vroom and Mr. Fox from America.

Fox: Hello, Fox here, who is calling ?

Vroom: My name is victor; I am the call center agent from............

Fox: Ohh, damn you are the mother fucking idiot from India.

Here we can see how Fox said about the people of Indian. From this answer Vroom became very angry and replied very strongly.

Another example is :  35 = 10 .

It means 35 years old American's brain and IQ is the same as a ten year old Indian's brain.
So this line shows Anti - American ideas of this novel.

Deus ex Machina:-

This is a climax of the novel.

Deus Ex Machina means "God from Machine"

Here a Chetan Bhagat has painted himself into a corner for moving ahead. After all it brings a happy ending or a comic device for audience. Deus Ex Machina is used in this novel by Bhagat when all characters met an accident and no any source are there to save their lives. At that time God's call save them with many messages for life.
After that they all restart their lives from God's advice of living life happily. They all tried a lot to solve their problems from their lives.

So they can get happy ending through the advices of the god.

Unusual Relationship:-

In this novel we can observe that most of the characters are suffers from unusual relationship. Priyanka had an affair with Shyam but then she engaged with NRI boy- Ganesh. But when she starts struggling with their life she rejects Ganesh and confesses her love towards Shyam and married with Shyam then she started B.ed.

Esha wants to became a model but she cheated by a designer. Esha fails to understand the love of Vroom.

Radhika also unhappy in their married life because her mother-in-low torture her and her husband also have an affair with another girl named Payal.

No one can as much happy throughout the whole novel. Everyone has unusual relations with one another.

Modernization:-

One Night @ the Call Center deals with issues of young people, including questions about career, inadequacy, marriage, family conflicts in a changing India, and the relationship of the young Indian middle class to both executive and ordinary clients whom they serve in the United States.

                 In this novel Bhagat’s aim is to convey a message to the people of India from the situation of the characters like the harshness of the situation of women in India. Esha who wants to become a model for that she forced to slept with 40 years old designer and it represents the dark side of the India.

Throughout the novel Bhagat presents modernity like smoking is the contemporary metaphor of melancholic state of being depression, stress, feel bad. Bhagat also talks about the Indian family like the situation of Radhika in her in law’s house. Like one day she do house hold works and in night she works in call center.

Conclusion:-

At the end we can say that a different theme of this novel shows different ideas of our surrounding problems and also their solutions. Here God is only medium to solve all this things, very well described by Bhagat in this novel.